The diagram given depicts World’s five major writing systems: the Logographic, Abjad, Abjuda, Alphabetic, and Syllabic. Overall, it is clearly shown that the most of them are based on sound characters.
Four of these are similar to each other as their characters are represented by sounds. Abjad is the oldest one, which is used in Arabic, for instance, where each character is a consonant. Another one is Abjuda, the system where one letter is a combination of consonant and vowel. English language is an illustration of the third system called Alphabetic. Here, one character is either vowel or consonant sound. A key point in this type of writing is that spelling and pronunciation are sometimes not precisely the same. Finally, in the Syllabic, unlike the aforementioned systems, one figure refers to one syllable and is used in Japanese Kana.
Apart from sound-based systems, the diagram shows a Logographic method of writing with Chinese language referred as an example. In Logographic, character is represented by one word and notably the same system here might be used in two languages, like Chinese and Japanese.
