1- Would like (polite)

You can replace the casual word “want” with a more polite phrase: Would like

• I’d like (would like) a cup of tea and a cupcake please. 

2- I would say yes. (polite)

Another way of expressing your opinion or giving someone a piece of advice is to politely say this phrase:

• [If you asked me,] I would say we shouldn’t sign the contract.
• I wouldn’t do that if I were you!

Note: this is the exact same structure of second conditional sentence.

3- Would rather

Did you know there is another way of showing your preferences? Take a look at these sentences:

• My family and I prefer to have a picnic.
• My family and I would rather have a picnic.

Note: We must use an infinitive without to after “would rather”.

• She would rather go home tonight. (NOT She would rather to go home tonight.)

4- He said he would.

Imagine that your friend, Jack, tells you this: “I will come to the party.”
You are now in the party, but Jack is not there. Other friends ask you where he is, and you say:

• He said he would come to the party.

5- Would have liked to help.

You can talk about an imaginary situation in the past:

• Things would have been different if your father hadn’t helped us yesterday.

Note: This is the exact structure of the third conditional sentence.

6- I would always play with friends after school.

You can talk about the actions in the past that you did over and over again.

• They would pay us a visit on summer holidays.